AIR SPACE:

Cavity separating a structure and the veneer, in order to prevent moisture. Also: wall cavity.

ANCHOR (n.) (US):

Device to support and/or tie back stone units. Also: fixing (n.) (UK).

ASHLAR (n.):

Walling of plain blocks of stone, finely dressed and jointed to given dimensions and laid in courses (BSI 6100).

BACK-UP WALL:

Concrete, brick or stone backing structure to which anchors can be attached. Also: back-up masonry.

BASE SUPPORT:

Retention angle, which transfers the weight of a stone unit to the back-up masonry.

BOND BREAKER:

Sheet of polyethylene or other waterproofing compound set between the concrete and the stone of a stone-faced pre-cast concrete panel.

BOND STONE:

Slab of structurally sound stone used as a backing material for patterned stone veneer. Also: liner (n.).

BOOK MATCH PATTERN:

Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern.

BOWING (n.):

Buckling of exterior stone units due to shrinkage or shortening of the structure.

BUTTERING (n.):

Placing mortar on stone units with a trowel before setting into position (MLA 1987)

BUTT JOINT:

i) Joint between two abutting stone units, not visible with the naked eye. Also: closed joint (UK);

ii) Type of external corner.

CAULKING (n.):

Making a joint tight against leakage by forcing in a sealing compound. Also: sealing (n.).

CAVITY VENT:

Vent or opening in the joints of the veneer allowing equal air pressure and moisture content both in the wall cavity and the exterior.

CHEMICAL ANCHOR (US):

Type of anchor set into the back-up masonry by means of bonding compounds. Also: resin bonded fixing (UK).

CLADDING (n.):

i) In British English, external vertical or near vertical non load bearing covering of stone units to

a structure (BSI 8298);

ii) In American English, any vertical non-load bearing covering of stone units to a structure.

CLIP ANGLE:

Corner-shaped non-continuous load-bearing support. Also: relieving angle, and angle corbel (UK).

COPING (n.):

Flat stone used as a cap on freestanding walls (MSSV).

COURSE (n.):

A horizontal range of units the length of a wall (MIA 1987).

CRAMP (n.):

U-shaped piece of metal used to tie stone units to one another or to their backing.

CRAZY PAVING:

Paving formed by pieces without definite shapes and dimensions. Also: randomly set paving (US).

CURTAIN WALL:

Non-load bearing paneled veneer spanning between columns.

DOWEL:

i) Metal anchoring device used to tie stiffeners or liners to the back of the slab. Also: pin (n.).

ii) Drop dowel

DROP DOWEL:

Metal wire anchoring device, used to tie a stone unit to the strap.

END MATCH PATTERN:

Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern.

END SLIP PATTERN:

Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block end to end in a repetitive pattern.

EPOXY (n.):

Thermosetting resin formed by the polymerization of an epoxide (ethylene oxide), used chiefly in coatings and adhesives owing to its resistance to chemicals.

EXPANSION BOLT:

Bolt inserted in a drilled hole, which expands and grips by being screwed into it.

EXPANSION JOINT:

Joint designed to accommodate movements of a structure and/or shortening of a frame.

300. FACE FIXING (UK):

Anchoring device set through the face of a stone unit combining the function of a load bearing and a restraint fixing. Also: face anchor (US).

FACING (n.):

Vertical non-load bearing covering of dimensional stone to a structure. Also: veneer (n.) (US).

FEATURE JOINT:

Joint highlighted by means of bevels, insert strips, or other devices.

FEATURE STRIP:

Decorative element of metal, stone, resins, etc., set in the joints of patterned flooring. Also: insert strip.

FLOOR (n.):

Covering of a surface subject to foot traffic.

FLOORING BORDER:

Stone unit lay along the perimeter of a floor covering and bordering a flooring pattern. In exteriors: paving border.

FLOOR PATTERN:

Particular arrangement of stone payers on a surface. The flooring pattern can be as large as the entire floor covering or be repeated throughout it.

FLOOR POLISHER:

Movable machine for polishing floor on site.

GRAVITY ANCHOR (US):

Anchor that transfers the weight of the stone unit to the structure. Also: load bearing fixing (UK), and relieving support (US).

GROUT (n.):

Thin pourable mortar consisting of Portland cement and water.

GROUTING (n.):

The process of applying thin mortar to fill the joints between stone units.

HEAD SUPPORT:

Relieving angle tying back stone units to a backup masonry.

HERRINGBONE PATTERN:

Herringbone arrangement of stone units on a surface.

INLAID FLOOR:

Floor covering consisting of thin stone decorative units inserted in sinkings made in an underlying material.

INSTALLATION (n.):

The process of setting dimensional stone into place (MIA 1987). Also: erection (n.)

INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT:

Retention angle, which both transfers the weight of a stone unit to the backup masonry and ties back the stone unit below.

INTRADOS (n.):

The interior surface of an arch.

JOINTING LAYOUT:

The patterning of stone units and joints on a surface.

LAMINATED PANEL:

Veneer panel achieved by gluing a decorative pattern of thin stone pieces onto a bond stone.

LEVELLING SCREED:

Thin layer of mortar or other material lay beneath the setting bed to compensate differences in level.

LINER (n.):

i) Reinforcement to naturally unsound types of stone, cross pinned and glued to the stone unit.

Also: stiffener (n.) (US);

ii) Slab of structurally sound stone used as a backing material for patterned stone veneer. Liners

are generally twice as thick as the material being used. Also: bond stone.

LINING (n.) (UK):

Dry covering to any internal building surface (BSI 8298).

LINTEL (n.):

Load bearing horizontal member spanning above an opening.

LOADBEARING (adj.):

Transferring the weight of a stone unit to a structure.

MOCK-UP (n.):

Structural model of assembled stone units built for display and/or testing.

MORTAR (n.):

Mixture of cement, lime, or gypsum plaster with sand and water.

MOSAIC FLOOR:

Decorated surface achieved by setting small pieces of variously colored material arranged in patterns.

MOVEMENT JOINT (UK):

Joint allowing for movement between adjacent units.

OFFSET PATTERN: Jointing layout where adjacent horizontal courses are laid offset one to another. Also: brick bond, and broken bond.

OPEN JOINT: Joint in which adjacent parts do not abut, leaving a gap filled with a sealant.

PAPER JOINT (US): Joint 1/32 in. wide.

PATTERNED FLOORING: Floor covering achieved by arranging joints, stone materials and color and vein blending in the desired pattern.

PEDESTAL (n.): Metal support for stone panels of a raised modular floor.

PIECE MARK: Reference number or letter marked on stone units, corresponding to its location in a jointing layout.

PIN (n.): Metal anchoring device used to cross pin stiffeners to the back of a stone unit. Also: dowel (n.).

PROJECTION (n.): Part of a stone unit that juts out.

QUARTER MATCH PATTERN: Specific type of symmetrical arrangement achieved by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern. Also: diamond match pattern. QUIRK MITRE JOINT: Type of external corner. Also: birds mouth mitre (UK). RABBETED JOINT: Type of external corner. Also: rebated joint (UK).

RAISED FLOOR: Flooring consisting of stone-faced panels placed on a grid and supported by pedestals.

RANDOM LENGTH PATTERN: Jointing layout achieved with pieces of varying length

RESTRAINT FIXING (UK): Anchoring device used to tie back a stone unit to a structure. Also: restraint anchor (US).

RETENTION ANGLE: Corner-shaped load bearing continuous support.

RISER (n.): The upright member between two stairs treads.

RUSTICATION (n.): Decorative masonry achieved by recessing the edges of stones so that a channel is formed at each joint.

SANDWICH-VENEER PANEL: Insulated prefabricated panel consisting of thin stone panels bonded onto a non-flammable core or aluminium honeycomb panels, weighing much less than stone-faced pre-cast units.

SCREED (n.): Layer of mortar or other material laid as a base for a finished floor. SEALANT (n.): An elastic adhesive compound used to seal stone veneer joints (MLA 1987). Also: sealer (n.).

SETTING BED: Thin layer of mortar or other material upon which the finished floor is laid.

SETTING SPACE: A term used to indicate the distance from the finished face of the marble to the face of the back-up wall (MSSV).

SHIM (n.): Thin metal piece or slip used to level an anchoring device.

SIDE SLIP PATTERN: Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block side to side in a repetitive pattern.

SILL (n.) (US): A horizontal unit used at the base of an exterior opening in a structure. Also: cill (n.) (UK).

SKIRTING (n.): Continuous strip of stone covering the joint between the wall and the adjoining flooring. Also: base (n.).

SLURRYING (n.) (UK): Protecting a finished surface by coating with a weak mix of lime and stone dust to prevent staining. This slurry is washed off on completion of the job (BSI 6100). SOFFIT (n.): The underside of a member.

SOFFIT HANGER: Metal anchoring device supporting a soffit.

SPANDREL (n.): Part of the cladding spanning between two columns.

SPRING CLIP: Wire anchoring device used in the manufacture of pre-cast panels to tie the slab to the wire mesh.

STACKED BOND: Jointing layout characterized by unbroken vertical and horizontal joints running throughout the floor surface.

STONE-FACED PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL: Pre-fabricated panel consisting of stone panels dowelled to a reinforced concrete backing.

361. STONE-FACED STEEL TRUSS PANEL: Stone-faced prefabricated panel consisting of a steel truss or steel frame and stone units attached on one side. Also: truss panel.

STOOL (n.): A flat unit of stone often referred to an interior window sill (MIA 1987). STRAP (n.) (US): Metal anchor made of flat stock with different shapes. Also: corbel (n.) (UK).

STRUT (n.): Metal member of a frame, supporting the anchoring devices of the stone and tied up to the back-up masonry.

STUD (n.): Upright member of a framing to which the stone anchoring devices are fastened.

SUBFLOOR (n.): Wooden or plywood base for the underlying layers of a finished floor. TERRAZZO (n.): Flooring made by embedding small pieces of marble or granite in a mortar bed and, after hardening, grinding and polishing the surface.

TREAD (n.): The horizontal part of a step, subject to foot traffic.

WASH (n.) (US): Sloped area in a stone unit to allow water to run over. Also: weathered section (UK).